Biography of Quaid-e-Azam:
Introduction:
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on 25th December1876 died on 11 September 1948 in Karachi. He was a Pakistani politician founder of Pakistan after the partition of Pakistan he became the governor-general of Pakistan as a mark of respect Pakistanis called him Quaid-e-Azam. Quaid-e-Azam is a phrase which means the great leader people also called him Baba e Qaum as the father of the nation the day of his birth is a national holiday in whole Pakistan.
Jinnah's Life:
Early life, Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on the 25th of December 1876 jerk city of (Karachi) Sindh. His father's name was Jinnah Punja and his mother's name was MittiBai. Jinnah was the eldest son of seven children of Jinnah Poonja and Mittibai. His family had migrated to Sindh from the Katibar area of Gujarat India. Jinnah's birth name was Muhammad Ali Jinnah but he later changes it and to the much simpler "Jinnah". At home, his family talk in the Gujarati language, and the children also came to speak coochie and English except for Fatima little is known of his siblings.
Work:
Early working years in 1891 when he was 15 Jinnah went to London and work for a few years for a company at around that time his mother had died in 1894.
Education Of Jinnah:
Jinnah quit his job to study law he joined the first at Lincoln's Inn and graduated in 1896 while still in London he also started to participate in politics he greatly admired Indian political leaders data by Narudy and sir Feroz Shah Mehta gradually Jinnah was developing his own political outlook he was thinking on the line that India should have constitution self-government around this time his father lost his business this put Jinnah under great difficulty.
Practicing Of Lawyer:
In the meantime, he had started to practice as a lawyer and Mumbai. He also built a house in Mumbai is the Malabar Hill area. The house is now known as Jinnah's house he became a successful lawyer in 1908. He represented Bal Gangadhar Dilek a famous leader of the Indian National Congress. Tilak was facing charges of sedition against the British rule Jinnah pleaded the case well but Tilak was sent to prison after that he lost off his early years as a politician.
Indian National Congress:
Jinnah had already joined the Indian National Congress in 1906 when he started his politics the congress was the largest political organization in India. Many members and leaders of the Indian Congress favored limited self-government for India at that time his role model was Gopal Krishna Gokhale. On 25th January 1910, Jinnah became a member of the 72 member Imperial Legislative Council. He was an active member of the council like many other leaders of India.
Great Britain:
Jinnah also supported Great Britain during World War(I) the leaders had supported Great Britain thinking that after the war Great Britain would be brought India political freedom. In the beginning, Jinnah had avoided joining the most All India Muslim League another political organization of India Muslims had formed the league in 1906 and 1913. Jinnah became a member of the Muslim League in 1934 the journey began's he became the president of the Muslim League he helped in making an agreement between the Congress and the Muslim League Lucknowpact in 1960 the agreement tried to present a united front to the British while giving India self-government Dominion status in the British Empire this was similar to the Dominion status which Canada on New Zealand and Australia had at that time in 1918.
Married Life Of Jinnah:
Jinnah married again his second wife was Rattan bai she was 24 years younger than him. She was the daughter of Jinnah's personal friend Sir Densha fitted who belong to the Parseeszorastanian community many Parsis and Muslims did not like a marriage between persons of two religions the couple resided in Bombay now Mumbai and frequently traveled to Europe and 1919 his wife bore a daughter who was named Dina
14 Points Of Jinnah:
As we all know the famous 14 points in London by Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah by 1918 Mohandas Gandhi had become one of the leaders of the Congress party when they took a line of nonviolent protest for gaining self-government for India Jinnah took a different line he wanted constitutional struggled to gain the self-government for India Jinnah also supposed Gandhi's support for the khilafat movement gradually many differences between them had arisen.
President Of The Muslim League:
In1920 Jinnah left the Congress party he became the president of the Muslim League at this time Jinnah brought out a program to reduce the differences between the Congress party and the Muslim League the program had 14 points of action, therefore, it became popularly known as Jinnah's 14 points but the Congress party did not accept these during these years Jinnah's personal life had suffered his focus upon politics had led to tensions and Jinnah's marriage the couple separated in 1927 and after a serious illness. Ratan Bhai died around that time there was a conference of Indian leaders with a government of Great Britain but it was held in London and is known as the round table conference (Gol Mez Conference).
Jinnah criticizes the policy of Gandhi the conference failed. Jinnah was also not happy with the Muslim League he decided to quit politics he again started to work as a lawyer and in England, during all these years his sister Fatima Jinnah took care of Jinnah's affairs both at home and outside she also became a close advisor to him. she helped him in rising Jinnah's daughter Dina Wadia. The daughter married Neville Wadia Parsi who had converted to Christianity Jinnah did not like this marriage but continued to correspond with his daughter. As the leader of the Muslim League, many Muslim leaders of India like Agha Khan, Chaudhry Rehmat Ali, and Sir Mohammad Iqbal requested Jinnah to come back to India. The leaders of the Muslim League wanted him to take charge of the Muslim League, Jinnah agreed to come back to India 1934. He left London and returned to India to reorganize the Muslim league again but he could not revive the structure of the party until after the elections of 1937 as the Muslim League won only a few seats.
Jinnah- Sikandar PAC:
However, at this time the league was helped by the powerful premier of Punjab sir Sikandar Hayat Khan in October 1937 he agreed with Jinnah's Muslim League joining the strong government this was called the Jinnah- Sikandar pact his differences with the Congress party continued to become bigger.
Separate country:
In 1930 some Muslim leaders like Allama Iqbal had argued for a separate country for the Muslim people of India, at last, he came to the conclusion that Hindus and Muslims could not live in a single country. Jinnah also started to have the idea of a separate country for Muslims of India. Jinnah and the Muslim League started work to get such up separate country. They made a plan for this in 1940 is called Qarar-Daaday Pakistan (Pakistan resolution) this new country was to be named Pakistan in 1941. Jinnah founded a newspaper named the dawn this newspaper published the views and political thinking of the Muslim League during World War II. Jinnah supported the British and opposed the quit India moment of the Congress party in 1944 Gandhi held 14 rounds of talks with Jinnah but they could not come to any conclusion by this time the Muslim League met form government's in some provinces and had also entered the central government had the founder of Pakistan after the Second World War what I'd pretend started steps to give independence to India.
On 16 May 1946 the British announced a plan for a united India one month after on 16 June 1946 the British announced another plan but partition the British Raj into two countries one for the Hindus and one for the Muslims the Congress party accepted the plan of the 16 may 1946 the Muslim League under Jinnah's leadership accepted both the plans but on 16th August 1946 Jinnah also announced the direct action to achieve independence for Pakistan a separate country for Muslims of the former British Raj after several rounds of discussion the British Raj was partitioned in August 1947 into two countries India and Pakistan
Separation Of Bangladesh:
In 1971 when Bangladesh gained independence from Pakistan the British Raj of India was partitioned into two countries namely India and Pakistan.
First Governor-General Of Pakistan:
Jinnah became the first governor-general of Pakistan, his sister Fatima Jinnah became the mother of the nation he also became the president of Pakistan Constituent Assembly in the address to the Constitutional Assembly on 11 August 1947 Jinnah told about the future of Pakistan as a secular state he told this in the following words
"You may belong to any religion caste or creed that has nothing to do with the business of the state and due course of time Hindus will cease to be Hindus and Muslims will cease to be Muslims not in the religious sense because that is the personal faith of each individual but in the political sense as citizens of the state"
Jinnah also took the direct charge of the government after the partition large-scale violence between Muslims and Hindus took place such violence was very serious in Punjab and Bengal Jinnah toward the ideas when Hindu leaders from Indiacalm down the population many people took place such violence was serious many people died in the violence this the estimates of the death vary from 200,000 deaths the over million deaths.
Jinnah Was Sad:
Jinnah was personally very sad at all these happenings soon after the independence of India and Pakistan armed conflict broke out in Kashmir, Kashmir's King had agreed to become a part of India but mostly Muslims of Kashmir did not like this they started fighting in Kashmir. India had to send his troops to Kashmir which had become a part of India. India raised the issue with the United Nation the United Nations ordered the conflict to end in a plebiscite this problem still continues to have a bad effect on the India-Pakistan relationship
Jinnah's Role:
Jinnah role in the creation of Pakistan as the new nation was very important this made him very popular among the people of Pakistan in East Pakistan now Bangladesh people opposed Jinnah's view that the Urdu language should be the sole national language.
Jinnah is suffering from tuberculosis:
Muhammad Ali had been suffering from tuberculosis since the 9th early 1940s only his sister and very few other people close to the family knew this after the partition of India and creation of Pakistan he had become the governor-general of Pakistan his work was increased but his health was deteriorating, to regain his health he spent many months at his official resthouse the rest house was located at a place named in ziarat, Jinnah could not regain his health hence he died on 11 September 1948 from tuberculosis, Alas his hard and difficult life came to an end on 11September 1948.
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